Rehabilitation after stroke and traumatic brain injury from a clinical perspective
Keywords:
rehabilitation, stroke, traumatic brain injury, movement disorders, clinical assessmentAbstract
Movement limitations after stroke or traumatic brain injury often coexist with disturbances of consciousness, sensation, perception, communication, and emotion. This narrative review relates clinical observations to selected guidelines and research to clarify factors affecting participation in rehabilitation. It addresses impaired consciousness, comorbidities, spatial neglect, proprioceptive impairment, aphasia, pain, emotional disturbances, and reduced initiation, while distinguishing weakness, spasticity, abnormal synergies, and incoordination. Assessment should combine observation of everyday activities with structured examination and functional monitoring. Intervention should reflect the person’s goals and be adjusted to safety, learning capacity, and treatment response. Evidence derived from stroke populations should not automatically be generalized to traumatic brain injury. Individualized care, interdisciplinary coordination, and caregiver education are central principles; clinical observation should be complemented by outcome measurement and relevant evidence.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Virginia Mary Lockett (Tác giả); Nguyễn Hữu Huy (Dịch giả)
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