SUBMIT YOUR MANUSCRIPT
Online Submission
Submit your manuscript online to the Da Nang Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy.
SUBMIT NOW → Citation and Reference Guidlines
DJMP REFERENCE STYLE 2026
Citation and Reference Guidelines
DJMP Reference Style 2026 – Vancouver/NLM-based
1. General Principles
The Da Nang Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy (DJMP) uses a numbered citation system based on the Vancouver style, standardized with reference to NLM conventions and adapted to the Journal’s own editorial requirements (DJMP Reference Style).
References should be directly relevant to the manuscript content, with preference given to original sources, peer-reviewed scientific literature, and retrievable sources. Authors are responsible for the accuracy, completeness, and retrievability of all cited references.
• Use Arabic numerals as superscript citations in the text: ¹, ², ³...
• Do not place citation numbers in square brackets or parentheses.
• The reference list must be numbered in the order in which sources first appear in the manuscript.
• Article titles should be presented in regular text.
• Journal name can be written in abbreviated format (NLM standard).
• Include the DOI whenever a reference has one.
• Preserve the original language of the cited source.
2. In-text Citations
2.1. Numbering Principle
References are numbered according to the order of their first appearance in the manuscript, beginning with number 1. When a reference is cited again later in the manuscript, the original number must be reused; a new number should not be assigned.
Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease.1
2.2. Single Reference
Obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.1
2.3. Multiple Non-consecutive References
Separate citation numbers with commas.
Several studies have reported this association.1,3,5
2.4. Multiple Consecutive References
When three or more consecutive references are cited, use a hyphen.
Similar findings have been reported in several studies.3-6
2.5. Combination of Consecutive and Non-consecutive References
These findings are consistent with previous studies.1,3-6,9
2.6. Position of Citation Numbers
DJMP places citation numbers after punctuation.
Correct: Diabetes mellitus is an important public health problem.1
Do not use [1], (1), or place the citation number before punctuation.
3. Reference List
The reference list should appear at the end of the manuscript under the heading “REFERENCES”. References should be numbered 1., 2., 3.... according to the order of first citation in the text. References should not be arranged alphabetically by author name.
4. Author Formatting
1–6 authors: list all authors.
Nguyen VA, Tran TB, Le CD, Pham EF.
More than 6 authors: list the first 6 authors, followed by “et al.”.
Nguyen VA, Tran TB, Le CD, Pham EF, Hoang GH, Vo IK, et al.
Do not include academic degrees, professional titles, or positions in the reference list.
5. Journal Articles
DJMP standard format:
Author(s). Article title. Full Journal Title. Year;Volume(Issue):Pages/Article number. doi:DOI.
Author(s). Article title. Full Journal Title. Year;Volume(Issue):Pages/Article number. doi:DOI.
Example:
1. Wong CK, Mak RY, Kwok TS. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with non-specific chronic low back pain in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pain. 2022;23(4):509-534. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.07.012.
1. Wong CK, Mak RY, Kwok TS. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with non-specific chronic low back pain in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pain. 2022;23(4):509-534. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.07.012.
Article using an Article Number:
2. Angolile CM, Max BL, Mushemba J, Mashauri HL. Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: a call to action. Health Science Reports. 2023;6(5):e1274. doi:10.1002/hsr2.1274.
2. Angolile CM, Max BL, Mushemba J, Mashauri HL. Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: a call to action. Health Science Reports. 2023;6(5):e1274. doi:10.1002/hsr2.1274.
6. Vietnamese-language Journal Articles
Retain the original Vietnamese author names, article title, and journal title. Do not translate a Vietnamese article title into English.
3. Lê Hồ Thị Quỳnh Anh, Mai TH, Tâm NM. Các vấn đề sức khỏe thường gặp và nhu cầu chăm sóc sức khỏe của người cao tuổi tại thành phố Huế. Tạp chí Y Dược học. 2020;10(2):50-57. doi:10.34071/jmp.2020.2.8.
7. Books
Format:
Author/Organization. Book Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.
Author/Organization. Book Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.
4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
8. Book Chapters
Format:
Chapter author(s). Chapter title. In: Editor(s), ed(s). Book Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year:Pages.
Chapter author(s). Chapter title. In: Editor(s), ed(s). Book Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year:Pages.
5. Jain L, Eaton DC. Physiology of fetal lung fluid clearance and the effect of labor. In: Polin RA, Fox WW, Abman SH, eds. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. Elsevier; 2006:34-43.
9. Websites and Online Materials
Format:
Author/Organization. Page or document title. Publication/update date if available. Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.
Author/Organization. Page or document title. Publication/update date if available. Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.
6. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes facts and figures. Accessed June 29, 2025. URL.
DJMP consistently uses the term “Accessed” for the date of access. Do not mix labels such as [Internet], [cited], Available from, and Accessed within the same reference.
10. Organizational Reports
Format:
Organization. Report Title. Place of publication: Organization/Publisher; Year.
Organization. Report Title. Place of publication: Organization/Publisher; Year.
7. World Health Organization. State of the World's Nursing 2020: Investing in Education, Jobs, and Leadership. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
11. Theses and Dissertations
Format:
Author. Title [master's thesis/doctoral dissertation]. Place: University/Institution; Year.
Author. Title [master's thesis/doctoral dissertation]. Place: University/Institution; Year.
8. Huong NTM. Factors related to physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a general hospital of Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam [master's thesis]. Chonburi: Burapha University; 2014.
12. Legal Documents, Decisions, and Circulars
For Vietnamese legal and administrative documents, DJMP uses a dedicated format to ensure accurate identification of the document.
Format:
Issuing authority. Document number and code. Document title. Date of issuance.
Issuing authority. Document number and code. Document title. Date of issuance.
Decision example:
9. Bộ Y tế. Quyết định số 2892/QĐ-BYT. Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và điều trị bệnh béo phì. Ban hành ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2022.
9. Bộ Y tế. Quyết định số 2892/QĐ-BYT. Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và điều trị bệnh béo phì. Ban hành ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2022.
Circular example:
10. Bộ Y tế. Thông tư số 43/2018/TT-BYT. Hướng dẫn phòng ngừa sự cố y khoa trong các cơ sở khám bệnh, chữa bệnh. Ban hành ngày 26 tháng 12 năm 2018.
10. Bộ Y tế. Thông tư số 43/2018/TT-BYT. Hướng dẫn phòng ngừa sự cố y khoa trong các cơ sở khám bệnh, chữa bệnh. Ban hành ngày 26 tháng 12 năm 2018.
13. Clinical Practice Guidelines
If a guideline is published as a journal article, format it as a journal article.
11. Mitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tonsillectomy in children (update). Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2019;160(1 Suppl):S1-S42. doi:10.1177/0194599818801757.
14. DOI
Where a reference has a DOI, authors must provide it. DJMP uses the following standardized format:
doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx.
Do not mix different forms such as DOI:, Doi:, doi, or DOI URLs within the same reference system. For articles with a DOI, the DOI should be used as the preferred persistent identifier; a journal webpage URL is generally unnecessary unless specifically needed.
15. DJMP Formatting Rules
| Element | Format |
|---|---|
| Author names | Regular text |
| Article title | Regular text |
| Journal title | Written in full; not abbreviated; regular text |
| Year;Volume(Issue):Pages | Regular text |
| DOI | Regular text |
| Book title | Regular text |
| Thesis/dissertation title | Regular text |
| Report title | Regular text |
| Website/document title | Regular text |
16. Reference Check Before Publication
✓ Every reference in the reference list is cited in the text, and vice versa.
✓ Citation numbering and the reference list correspond correctly.
✓ No duplicate references remain.
✓ Author names are accurate.
✓ Article titles are accurate.
✓ Journal name can be written in abbreviated format (NLM standard).
✓ Year, volume, issue, page range, or article number is accurate.
✓ DOI information is accurate and retrievable.
✓ Website references include an access date.
✓ No broken fields or placeholders remain from Zotero, EndNote, Mendeley, or other reference management software.
✓ No technical messages such as “Missing: place of publication.” remain in the final manuscript.
DJMP REFERENCE STYLE 2026 – APPENDIX
Quick Guide to Reference Formatting – Vancouver/NLM-based DJMP Reference Style
Convention: Use Arabic numerals in superscript for in-text citations without brackets or parentheses. Number references in order of appearance. Article/document titles should be in regular text; journal titles should be written in full and not abbreviated; include DOI information where available.
1. Journal Article – 1–6 Authors
Format: Author(s). Article title. Full Journal Title. Year;Volume(Issue):Pages. doi:DOI.
Correct example: Lê Hồ Thị Quỳnh Anh, Mai TH, Tâm NM. Các vấn đề sức khỏe thường gặp và nhu cầu chăm sóc sức khỏe của người cao tuổi tại thành phố Huế. Tạp chí Y Dược học. 2020;10(2):50-57. doi:10.34071/jmp.2020.2.8.
Common errors: Abbreviated journal title; missing volume/issue/pages; italicizing the article title; missing DOI where available.
Correct example: Lê Hồ Thị Quỳnh Anh, Mai TH, Tâm NM. Các vấn đề sức khỏe thường gặp và nhu cầu chăm sóc sức khỏe của người cao tuổi tại thành phố Huế. Tạp chí Y Dược học. 2020;10(2):50-57. doi:10.34071/jmp.2020.2.8.
Common errors: Abbreviated journal title; missing volume/issue/pages; italicizing the article title; missing DOI where available.
2. Journal Article – More Than 6 Authors
Format: First 6 authors, et al. Article title. Full Journal Title. Year;Volume(Issue):Pages. doi:DOI.
Correct example: Wong CK, Mak RY, Kwok TS, Son NM, Wang HC, Saag M et al. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with non-specific chronic low back pain in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pain. 2022;23(4):509-534. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.07.012.
Common errors: Mixing “and colleagues” with “et al.”; including academic degrees; inconsistent number of authors before “et al.”.
Correct example: Wong CK, Mak RY, Kwok TS, Son NM, Wang HC, Saag M et al. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with non-specific chronic low back pain in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Pain. 2022;23(4):509-534. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.07.012.
Common errors: Mixing “and colleagues” with “et al.”; including academic degrees; inconsistent number of authors before “et al.”.
3. Journal Article with an Article Number
Format: Author(s). Article title. Journal Title. Year;Volume(Issue):Article number. doi:DOI.
Correct example: Angolile CM, Max BL, Mushemba J, Mashauri HL. Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: a call to action. Health Science Reports. 2023;6(5):e1274. doi:10.1002/hsr2.1274.
Common errors: Treating the article number as a page number; inventing a page range.
Correct example: Angolile CM, Max BL, Mushemba J, Mashauri HL. Global increased cesarean section rates and public health implications: a call to action. Health Science Reports. 2023;6(5):e1274. doi:10.1002/hsr2.1274.
Common errors: Treating the article number as a page number; inventing a page range.
4. Online First / Ahead of Print
Format: Author(s). Article title. Journal Title. Published online Month Day, Year. doi:DOI.
Correct example: Nguyen AA, Tran BB. Example of an online-first medical article. Journal Title. Published online January 15, 2026. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx.
Common errors: Adding volume, issue, or page numbers before formal issue assignment.
Correct example: Nguyen AA, Tran BB. Example of an online-first medical article. Journal Title. Published online January 15, 2026. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx.
Common errors: Adding volume, issue, or page numbers before formal issue assignment.
5. Vietnamese-language Journal Article
Format: Author(s). Vietnamese article title. Full Journal Title. Year;Volume(Issue):Pages. doi:DOI.
Correct example: Trần Thị Thu Vân. Nghiên cứu tình hình sai sót liên quan đến thuốc trong điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Hoàn Mỹ Minh Hải năm 2021. Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam. 2022;516(2):192-196.
Common errors: Translating the title into English; removing Vietnamese diacritics; abbreviating the journal title.
Correct example: Trần Thị Thu Vân. Nghiên cứu tình hình sai sót liên quan đến thuốc trong điều trị nội trú tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Hoàn Mỹ Minh Hải năm 2021. Tạp chí Y học Việt Nam. 2022;516(2):192-196.
Common errors: Translating the title into English; removing Vietnamese diacritics; abbreviating the journal title.
6. Systematic Review / Meta-analysis
Format: Format as a journal article.
Correct example: Jarde A, Feng YY, Viaje KA, Shah PS, McDonald SD. Vaginal birth vs caesarean section for extremely preterm vertex infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020;301:447-458. doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05417-0.
Common errors: Adding a label such as [systematic review] when it is not part of the original title.
Correct example: Jarde A, Feng YY, Viaje KA, Shah PS, McDonald SD. Vaginal birth vs caesarean section for extremely preterm vertex infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2020;301:447-458. doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05417-0.
Common errors: Adding a label such as [systematic review] when it is not part of the original title.
7. Clinical Guideline Published as a Journal Article
Format: Format as a journal article.
Correct example: Mitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tonsillectomy in children (update). Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2019;160(1 Suppl):S1-S42. doi:10.1177/0194599818801757.
Common errors: Citing it as a website even though the guideline was published as a journal article.
Correct example: Mitchell RB, Archer SM, Ishman SL, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tonsillectomy in children (update). Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2019;160(1 Suppl):S1-S42. doi:10.1177/0194599818801757.
Common errors: Citing it as a website even though the guideline was published as a journal article.
8. Book
Format: Author/Organization. Book Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year.
Correct example: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Common errors: Missing edition, place of publication, or publisher.
Correct example: American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
Common errors: Missing edition, place of publication, or publisher.
9. Book Published by an Organization
Format: Organization. Book Title. Edition. Place of publication: Organization/Publisher; Year.
Correct example: International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 11th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2025.
Common errors: Omitting the organization because there is no individual author.
Correct example: International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 11th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2025.
Common errors: Omitting the organization because there is no individual author.
10. Book Chapter
Format: Chapter author(s). Chapter title. In: Editor(s), ed(s). Book Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; Year:Pages.
Correct example: Jain L, Eaton DC. Physiology of fetal lung fluid clearance and the effect of labor. In: Polin RA, Fox WW, Abman SH, eds. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. Elsevier; 2006:34-43.
Common errors: Citing the entire book instead of the chapter; missing editors or chapter page numbers.
Correct example: Jain L, Eaton DC. Physiology of fetal lung fluid clearance and the effect of labor. In: Polin RA, Fox WW, Abman SH, eds. Fetal and Neonatal Physiology. Elsevier; 2006:34-43.
Common errors: Citing the entire book instead of the chapter; missing editors or chapter page numbers.
11. Organizational Report
Format: Organization. Report Title. Place of publication: Organization/Publisher; Year.
Correct example: World Health Organization. State of the World’s Nursing 2020: Investing in Education, Jobs, and Leadership. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Common errors: Using only the organization abbreviation; treating the report as a website.
Correct example: World Health Organization. State of the World’s Nursing 2020: Investing in Education, Jobs, and Leadership. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Common errors: Using only the organization abbreviation; treating the report as a website.
12. Website / Web Page
Format: Author/Organization. Page title. Publication/update date if available. Accessed Month Day, Year. URL.
Correct example: International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes facts and figures. Accessed June 29, 2025. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10266-026-01525-x.pdf
Common errors: Providing only the URL; missing page title or access date; simultaneously using [Internet], [cited], Available from, and Accessed.
Correct example: International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes facts and figures. Accessed June 29, 2025. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10266-026-01525-x.pdf
Common errors: Providing only the URL; missing page title or access date; simultaneously using [Internet], [cited], Available from, and Accessed.
13. Master’s Thesis
Format: Author. Title [master’s thesis]. Place: University/Institution; Year.
Correct example: Huong NTM. Factors related to physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a general hospital of Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam [master’s thesis]. Chonburi: Burapha University; 2014.
Common errors: Omitting the thesis type; missing institution or year.
Correct example: Huong NTM. Factors related to physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a general hospital of Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam [master’s thesis]. Chonburi: Burapha University; 2014.
Common errors: Omitting the thesis type; missing institution or year.
14. Doctoral Dissertation
Format: Author. Title [doctoral dissertation]. Place: University/Institution; Year.
Correct example: Nguyen AA. Example title of doctoral dissertation [doctoral dissertation]. Hanoi: University Name; 2025.
Common errors: Using the wrong academic degree type; listing a publisher instead of the degree-granting institution.
Correct example: Nguyen AA. Example title of doctoral dissertation [doctoral dissertation]. Hanoi: University Name; 2025.
Common errors: Using the wrong academic degree type; listing a publisher instead of the degree-granting institution.
15. Government Decision
Format: Issuing authority. Decision No. .../... Title of decision/document issued with the decision. Date of issuance.
Correct example: Bộ Y tế. Quyết định số 2892/QĐ-BYT. Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và điều trị bệnh béo phì. Ban hành ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2022.
Common errors: Listing only the authority and year; missing decision number or issue date.
Correct example: Bộ Y tế. Quyết định số 2892/QĐ-BYT. Hướng dẫn chẩn đoán và điều trị bệnh béo phì. Ban hành ngày 22 tháng 10 năm 2022.
Common errors: Listing only the authority and year; missing decision number or issue date.
16. Circular / Legal Normative Document
Format: Issuing authority. Circular No. .../... Document title. Date of issuance.
Correct example: Bộ Y tế. Thông tư số 43/2018/TT-BYT. Hướng dẫn phòng ngừa sự cố y khoa trong các cơ sở khám bệnh, chữa bệnh. Ban hành ngày 26 tháng 12 năm 2018.
Common errors: Incomplete document number; providing only a URL instead of full document identification.
Correct example: Bộ Y tế. Thông tư số 43/2018/TT-BYT. Hướng dẫn phòng ngừa sự cố y khoa trong các cơ sở khám bệnh, chữa bệnh. Ban hành ngày 26 tháng 12 năm 2018.
Common errors: Incomplete document number; providing only a URL instead of full document identification.
17. Conference Proceedings Paper
Format: Author(s). Paper title. In: Conference/Proceedings title; date; location. Place of publication: Organization/Publisher; Year:Pages.
Correct example: Nguyen AA, Tran BB. Example title of conference paper. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Sciences; October 15-16, 2026; Da Nang, Vietnam. Da Nang: Organizing Institution; 2026:25-30.
Common errors: Formatting it as a journal article; omitting conference title, date, location, or page numbers.
Correct example: Nguyen AA, Tran BB. Example title of conference paper. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Health Sciences; October 15-16, 2026; Da Nang, Vietnam. Da Nang: Organizing Institution; 2026:25-30.
Common errors: Formatting it as a journal article; omitting conference title, date, location, or page numbers.
18. Preprint
Format: Author(s). Article title. Preprint server. Year. doi:DOI.
Correct example: Nguyen AA, Tran BB. Example title of preprint article. medRxiv. 2026. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx.
Common errors: Formatting it as a peer-reviewed article; failing to identify it as a preprint.
Correct example: Nguyen AA, Tran BB. Example title of preprint article. medRxiv. 2026. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx.
Common errors: Formatting it as a peer-reviewed article; failing to identify it as a preprint.
19. Dataset / Data Repository
Format: Author/Organization. Dataset title [dataset]. Repository; Year. doi:DOI.
Correct example: Nguyen AA, Tran BB. Example oral health survey dataset [dataset]. Zenodo; 2026. doi:10.xxxx/zenodo.xxxxx.
Common errors: Providing only a URL; missing repository, year, or DOI.
Correct example: Nguyen AA, Tran BB. Example oral health survey dataset [dataset]. Zenodo; 2026. doi:10.xxxx/zenodo.xxxxx.
Common errors: Providing only a URL; missing repository, year, or DOI.
20. Scientific Software
Format: Author/Organization. Software name. Version. Developer/Publisher; Year. URL/doi:DOI.
Correct example: Organization. Example Software. Version 4.0. Developer; 2026. URL.
Common errors: Listing only the software name; omitting the version, developer, or access information.
Correct example: Organization. Example Software. Version 4.0. Developer; 2026. URL.
Common errors: Listing only the software name; omitting the version, developer, or access information.
PRE-SUBMISSION CHECKLIST
☐ Citation numbers are superscript and appear in the correct order.
☐ In-text citations correspond exactly with the reference list.
☐ Article/document titles have been verified.
☐ Journal name can be written in abbreviated format (NLM standard).
☐ DOI information has been added and verified where available.
